1.那西肽是一种含硫多肽类动物专用抗生素，属于环保型饲料添加剂
nosiheptide is a kind of special sulfur-polypeptide antibiotic for animal, environmentally feed additives.
明显促进畜禽生长，改善饲料利用率
significantly promote the growth of livestock and poultry, improve the feed efficiency.
不产生耐药性，与其他抗生素无交叉耐药性
no resistance, no cross resistance with other antibiotics.
在动物肠道内不被吸收，无药物残留
not to be absorbed in animal intestinal tract,no drug residue.
对人、畜安全，对环境环保
it’s safe to human and livestock, environmental protection to the environment.
2.那西肽是20世纪60年代有法国科学家从阿根廷土壤中分离出来的一种抗生素，是一优良的非吸收型饲料添加剂，添加在饲料中不影响适口性，对猪、鸡、鸭、虾和淡水鱼等水产动物都有促生长增重作用，提高饲料转化率的效果。法国和日本已正式将它作为饲料添加剂投放到市场，也是我国近年批准使用的兽用抗生素，作为饲料添加剂在畜牧业届得到了越来越多的广泛使用。
in the 1960s，nosiheptide is separated from the argentina soil by french scientists, is a good type of non-absorptive feed additives.it doesn’t affect the palatability of feed, it promotes the growth and weight of pig、chicken、duck、shrimp、freshwater fish and other aquatic animals, it also improves the feed efficiency. france and japan have officially put it to the market as feed additives, it is the antibiotic approved by agriculture ministry of china in recent years,it’s used more and more times in animal husbandry.
3.理化性质
那西肽为黄绿色物质，呈粉末状或细针状结晶，熔点为310-320℃（伴随分解）。那西肽可溶于氯仿、二甲基酰胺、二甲基亚砜，微溶于甲醇、乙醇、乙酸乙酯和苯，不溶于水和石油醚。
physicochemical property:
yellow-green material, powder or fine needle crystal,its melting point is 310-320℃(with decomposition ).it’s soluble in chloroform, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide,lightly soluble in carbinol, ethanol, acetidin and benzene,not soluble in water and petroleum ether.
4.作用机制
那西肽对革兰氏阳性菌具有较高的活性，尤其是葡萄球菌。同时对一些革兰氏阴性菌也有效，如出血败血性巴斯德氏菌和卡他奈必瑟氏菌。作用机制是阻碍细菌蛋白质合成，在低浓度时抑菌作用，在高浓度时呈杀菌作用。由于那西肽阻抑了肠道内有害菌的繁殖，使肠道管壁吸收机能正常，因为促进了动物生长，提高了饲料利用率，不易产生耐药性，与其他抗生素无交叉耐药性。毒性小，对人、畜安全。由于该抗生素能明显促进动物生长，而且在动物体内无残留，是优良的非吸收型饲料添加剂。
mechanism of action:
nosiheptide has strong activity on against g- bacterium and g bacterium,especially staphylococcus. the mechanism of action is restraining the protein synthesis. control the bacteria in the low concentration,kill the bacteria in the high concentration. nosiheptide resist the breeding of harmful bacterium in the intestinal tract, so it promotes the growth of livestock and poultry, improves the feed efficiency. no resistance, no cross resistance with other antibiotics. small toxicity, safe to human and livestock. no drug residue, is a good type of non-absorptive feed additives.
5.耐药性 resistance
a)用葡萄球菌和链球菌对那西肽作恒量传代试验，结果显示，这两株菌对那西肽没有耐药性。
the test to nosiheptide using staphylococcus and streptococcus shows,these two strains has no resistance.
b)用对各种抗生素耐药的金黄色葡萄球菌做那西肽的敏感性试验，结果显示，那西肽和其他抗生素之间没有交叉影响，这说明那西肽不会引起交叉耐药性。
the sensitivity test to nosiheptide using golden staphylococcus shows, nosiheptide has no cross resistance with other antibiotics. it shows that nosiheptide won't cause cross resistance.
6.对环境的影响
被排出的那西肽在猪和鸡的粪中的半衰期分别为一个月和20天，将这些粪作为配料施于植物方面，发现那西肽在植物组织内无残留，且对高等植物除草剂活性以及杀虫剂的活性都没有抑制作用。对部分藻类及部分土壤细菌有抑制作用。对活性污泥微生物没有阻碍活性，而且没有副作用。因此那西肽对于环境的影响可以认为是极小的。
the impact on the environment:
the half-life of discharged nosiheptide in dejecta of pig and chicken is one month and 20 days, applied these dejecta as ingredients to plants,found that nosiheptide has no drug residues in plant, and no inhibitory action on higher plan herbicide activity and insecticide activity.it has inhibitory action on part of some algae and soil bacteria. no hindered activity on the active sludge microbial, and no side effects. therefore the impact on the environment of nosiheptide is minuteness.
7.残留性
给鸡饲喂那西肽0-250mg/kg,连续8周，给猪饲喂那西肽0-500mg/kg，连续90天，在给药中间以及停止给药后的0-7天屠宰，检测结果显示，肝、肌肉、脾、心脏等的残留量均小于0.025mg/kg（临界值以下）。
residual property:
feed the chicken 0-250mg/kg nosiheptide for 8 weeks,
feed the pig 0-500mg/kg nosiheptide for 90days, slaughter them in medicine time or after the treatment of 0-7 days,the result shows, the residual quantity of liver、 muscle、spleen、heart is lower than 0.025mg/kg.( below the critical value ).
用c14标记的那西肽进行了跟踪给药试验，发现大部分那西肽排入粪便之中，这说明其在肠道内发挥了作用，但没被分解和吸收，排泄于动物粪便中，即在动物的脏器和组织内无残留。
do test using c14 nosiheptide,the test shows,most of nosiheptide are discharged to dejecta,this proves that nosiheptide plays a role in the intestinal but not broken down and absorbed, no drug residue in animal visceras.
对喂养那西肽2.5mg/kg、5mg/kg的肉鸡停药16、48以及72小时后屠宰，对鸡的肌肉、肝、肌肉、脾、肾、心等脏器进行了不同方法的检测，结果显示，那西肽的残留均低于0.01mg/kg。
slaughter the chicken after 16、48 and 72hs with the treatment of 2.5mg/kg、5mg/kg, detect the muscle、heart and other visceras with different methods,the result shows, the residual quantity of nosiheptide are all lower than 0.01mg/kg.
中国农业大学（2008）进行了那西肽对猪的残留消除试验，结果表明，猪连续28天饲喂那西肽20mg/kg，猪的肌肉、肝脏和肾脏未检测到那西肽残留，说明那西肽在动物肠道内吸收很少，动物组织中几乎无药物残留。
china agricultural university(2008)does a test,the result shows, feed the pig 20mg/kg nosiheptide for 28days,no residue in muscle and other visceras.
南美白对虾连续90天饲喂含2.5mg/kg那西肽的日粮，在给药中间及停止给药后的12、24、48、72和148h取样，结果显示，那西肽在南美白对虾肌肉和头组织中的浓度小于0.01mg/kg。
feed the penaeus vannamei 2.5mg/kg nosiheptide for 90days, select samples after 12、24、48、72 and 148hs with the treatment,the result shows, the residual quantity of nosiheptide in muscle and head are lower than 0.01mg/kg.
8.安全性
中国农业大学国家兽药残留基准实验室进行了那西肽对猪的安全性试验。实验结果表明，连续28天给猪饲喂20-100mg/kg那西肽，对猪进食量、行动、呼吸和排泄没有不良影响。分别在给药前给药28天，停药3天后采血，检测血液生化标准，与各项指标前后差异没有变化。说明那西肽在20-100mg/kg计量范围内对猪是安全的。
safety:
china agricultural university national veterinary drug residue reference laboratories does the safety test to pig. feed the pig 20-100mg/kg nosiheptide for 28days,there is no adverse effect to the food, action, breath and excretion.this shows,the range of 20-100mg/kg is safe to pig.
那西肽的毒性很小。急性毒性试验显示，那西肽对大鼠的口服半致死量ld大于13060mg/kg体重，皮下注射半致死量大于4160mg/kg体重；用含那西肽200、1000和2600mg/kg的饲料喂大鼠3个月进行了慢性试验，临床检查、血液检查、生化学检查均没有发现那西肽毒性。
small toxicity. acute toxicity test shows,the ld of oral medicine to rat is more than 13060mg/kg, the ld of hypodermic injection is more than 4160mg/kg. no toxicity in clinical examination, blood test and biochemistry examination.
那西肽无致突变性。对那西肽做体外诱发基因损坏的试验为阴性。用小鼠做宿主进行的ames试验和微核试验都显示那西肽不会引起基因损伤。
nosiheptide has no mutagenicity, the result of ames mutagenicity test is negative
那西肽无致畸性。妊娠小鼠每天强制性给1000、2000以及5000mg/kg那西肽，试验和微核试验结果显示那西肽的致畸性为阴性。
nosiheptide has no teratogenicity. compellently feed rat 1000、2000 and 5000mg/kg nosiheptide every day,the result of teratogenicity test is negative
那西肽对家畜也是安全的。肉鸡饲料添加那西肽0-250mg/kg，断奶仔猪饲料添加那西肽0-500mg/kg，经观察，在增重、采食和一般健康状况等方面均正常，进行解剖，血检等也未见异常，繁殖性能和生产性能未受到影响。
safe to livestock.feed 0-250mg/kg nosiheptide to chicken and 0-500mg/kg to pig,the result shows，there is no effect to reproductive performance and production performance.
二、那西肽在养禽中的应用
application of nosiheptide in poultry
那西肽对肉鸡增重和饲料效率的影响
effect to weight and feed efficiency of chicken
试验一：那西肽可促进肌肉增重，改善饲料报酬，提高雏鸡成活率。综合考虑，那西肽在鸡饲料中以添加2.5-5.0mg/kg最佳。
test 1: nosiheptide can promote the growth of livestock and poultry, improve the feed efficiency and survival rate. overall,add 2.5-5.0mg/kg nosiheptide to chicken feed is best.
试验二：肉鸡饲料中添加1.25、2.5、5.0mg/kg的那西肽可有效促进肉仔鸡增重、提高饲料转化率，以2.5mg/kg那西肽的效果最为明显。
test 2：add 1.25、2.5、5.0mg/kg nosiheptide to chicken feed can promote the growth and improve the feed efficiency, 2.5mg/kg is best.
那西肽对鸭增重和饲料效率的影响
effect to weight and feed efficiency of duck
试验一：分别以0.625mg/kg那西肽组、1.25mg/kg那西肽组、2.5mg/kg那西肽组、100mg/kg金霉素组和空白对照组，结果显示，那西肽可促进肉鸭生长，提高饲料效率，其中以添加1.25mg/kg那西肽最好。
test 1:compare 5 groups: 0.625mg/kg nosiheptide group、 1.25mg/kg nosiheptide group、2.5mg/kg nosiheptide group with 100mg/kg aureomycin group and blank group,the result shows: nosiheptide can promote the growth of duck, improve the feed efficiency. add 2.5-5.0mg/kg nosiheptide is best.
试验二：用1000只肉鸭进行了那西肽对其生长性能影响的实验，实验结果表明，肉鸭饲料中添加0.5mg/kg和1.0mg/kg那西肽可显著促进肉鸭生长，提高饲料效率。
test 2:the result of 1000 ducks shows, add 0.5mg/kg and 1.0mg/kg nosiheptide to duck feed can promote the growth and improve the feed efficiency.
三、那西肽在养猪生产中的应用
application of nosiheptide in pig
对猪增重和饲料效率的影响
effect to weight and feed efficiency of pig
试验一:那西肽能明显促进仔猪和生长猪的增重，并能提高饲料转化率，防止腹泻，提高仔猪的存活率。2.5-20mg/kg那西肽投喂断奶猪仔持续12周能提高增重5-20%，改善饲料效率5-15%，特别从离开母乳后4周以内有明显的改善效果，并且具有抑制仔猪肠炎的作用。
test 1:significantly promote the growth of piglet and grower, improve the feed efficiency and survival rate, prevent diarrhea. add 2.5-20mg/kg nosiheptide to piglet for 12 weeks can gain weight 5-20%, improve the feed efficiency 5-15%,and inhibit piglet enteritis.
试验二：在猪饲料中添加那西肽，体重增加在6.8mg/kg时最大，饲料利用率在5.5mg/kg时最好，且在冬天的环境条件下特别有效。
test 2: add nosiheptide to pig feed, the feed efficiency is highest in 5.5 mg/kg and heaviest in 6.8mg/kg, especially effective in winter.
试验三：仔猪日粮添加那西肽、阿美拉霉素和维吉尼亚霉素，饲喂36天。结果表明，那西肽组的日增重最高，比阿美拉霉素组提高4.5%（p>0.05），比维吉尼亚霉素组提高13.4%（p<0.05）,料重比差异不显著（p>0.05）.
test 3:add nosiheptide、avilamycin and virginiamycin to pig diet for 36 days.the result shows,the daily gain is higher than avilamycin and virginiamycin.
试验四：那西肽和硫酸粘菌素药物组合对仔猪（8-20kg）生产性能和腹泻率的影响。结果表明，那西肽5mg/kg和硫酸粘菌素40mg/kg配合使用最好，可显著提高仔猪日增重，降低料重比，减少仔猪腹泻的发生。
effect to production performance and diarrhea rate of nosiheptide and colistin sulfate.the result shows,use nosiheptide 5mg/kg together with colistin sulfate 40mg/kg can improve the daily gain ,prevent diarrhea.
对猪的安全性试验
中国农业大学（2008）进行了猪饲喂那西肽的安全性试验。健康猪连续28天饲喂20mg/kg、60mg/kg和100mg/kg那西肽，对猪。分别在给药前、给药28天，停药3天、停药5天后采血，检测血液生化标准。结果表明，猪饲喂20-100 mg/kg那西肽连用28天，进食、行动、呼吸和排泄均未见异常，没有观察到任何不良反应，对猪血液生理生化指标也没有不良影响。
china agricultural university（2008） does the safety test to pig. feed the healthy pig 20mg/kg、60mg/kg and 100mg/kg nosiheptide for 28days. the test of biochemical blood standard shows,there is no adverse effect to the food, action, breath and excretion, no any adverse reactions.
四、那西肽在水产生产中的应用
application of nosiheptide in aquaculture production
试验一：实验研究在饲料中添加2mg/kg和3mg/kg那西肽对南美白对虾生长性能结果表明，与空白对照组和黄霉素组相比，以添加2mg/kg那西肽效果最佳，且降低了饲料系数，提高蛋白质效率。
test 1:add 2mg/kg and 3mg/kg nosiheptide to penaeus vanmamei feed,the result shows,compare with blank group and flavomycin group, add 2 mg/kg nosiheptide is best, reduce the feed coefficient, improve the protein efficiency.
试验二：浙江大学戴贤君研究发现，饲料添加1.25-5mg/kg那西肽能显著促进南美白对虾的生长，降低饵料系数，以2.5mg/kg效果最佳。此外，那西肽还能提高虾的成活率，增强抗应激能力。
dai xianjun of zhejiang university studied and found that 1.25-5mg/kg nosiheptide can significantly promote the growth of penaeus vanmamei, reduce the feed coefficient, add 2.5 mg/kg nosiheptide is best. in addition, nosiheptide can improve the survival rate and increase anti-stress ability.
试验三：那西肽在奥尼罗非鱼上的试验结果表明，添加0.25-3mg/kg的那西肽对罗非鱼增长率均显著高于空白对照组，增重率比对照组提高了10.5-47.8%（p<0.05）;饵料系数分别比对照组降低了4.6-16.7%（p<0.05）。以生长和饵料系数为指标，建议奥尼罗非鱼饲料中那西肽的适宜添加量为1.0mg/kg。
test 3: add 0.25-3mg/kg nosiheptide to tilapia feed,the result shows,the growth rate is higher 10.5-47.8% than blank group（p<0.05）, the feed coefficient is lower 4.6-16.7% than blank group（p<0.05）. with growth and feed coefficient for the index, add 1.0mg/kg nosiheptide to tilapia feed is best.
试验四：浙江大学进行了那西肽对鲈鱼生长性能试验。结果表明，饲料添加1.25mg/kg的那西肽能显著提高宝石鲈的日增重，降低饵料系数，同时能促进小肠绒毛发育，使小肠绒毛发育完整，分布均匀，大小一致，排列紧密、规则。
zhejiang university tests the growth performance of weever.the result shows, add 1.25mg/kg nosiheptide can significantly promote the daily growth of weever, reduce the feed coefficient, promote the development of intestinal villi.
试验五：那西肽在水产中残留研究试验。用2.5mg/kg那西肽饲养南美白对虾90天，在给药中间及停止给药后的12、24、48、72和148h分别取样，剥壳分别取其肌肉（含肠道）和虾头作为样品。用高效液相色谱法测定那西肽残留。高效液相色谱仪检测的灵敏度为0.01mg/kg。结果显示，在虾体和虾头中那西肽的残留均小于0.01mg/kg。日本肯定列表制度中规定，在畜产品（肌肉、脂肪、肝脏、肾脏以及其他可食用组织）中，那西肽的最高残留限量为0.03mg/kg。因此可认为那西肽在虾组织中没有残留。
feed the shrimp 2.5mg/kg nosiheptide for 90days, select muscle and head as samples after 12、24、48、72 and 148hs with the treatment. mensurate nosiheptide residue by efficient liquid chromatography.the result shows, the residual quantity of nosiheptide in muscle and head are all lower than 0.01mg/kg. according to japanese positive list system rules, the highest residue limits within 0.03 mg/kg in muscle、 fat、liver、kidney and other edible organization. so there is no residue in shrimp organization.
五、规格：specification
泓福康0.5%：每100g中含有那西肽0.5g。
泓福康1.0%：每100g中含有那西肽1.0g。
hongfukang0.5%:100g:0.5g
hongfukang1.0%:100g:1.0g
六、使用方法：usage
混饲：mix with feed
鸡： chicken;2-2.5mg/kg
猪： pig; 2.5-10mg/kg
鸭： duck; 1.0-2.0mg/kg
鱼、虾：fish and shrimp; 0.5-2.0mg/kg
（以有效成分计）
七、包装和贮存：package and storage
25kg/袋，贮存于阴凉干燥处，有效期为二年。
25kg per sack, stored in cool and dry place for 2 years.
八、注意事项：notice
宰前7天停止用药。
stop for 7days before slaughter
九、批准文号：license number
泓福康0.5%：兽药添字（2011）160012281
泓福康1.0%：兽药添字（2011）160012282
hongfukang0.5%:（2011）160012281
hongfukang1.0%:（2011）160012282
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